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A party line multiparty line , shared service line , party wire is a local loop telephone circuit that is shared by multiple telephone service subscribers. Party line systems were widely used to provide telephone service, starting with the first commercial switchboards in During wartime shortages, these were often the only available lines.
British users similarly benefited from the party line discount. Farmers in rural Australia and South Africa used party lines, where a single line spanned miles from the nearest town to one property and on to the next.
Telephone companies offered party lines beginning in the late s, [ 7 ] although subscribers in all but the most rural areas may have had the option to upgrade to individual line service at an additional monthly charge. The service was common in sparsely populated areas where subscribers were spread across large distances. In rural areas in the early 20th century, additional subscribers and telephones, often numbering several dozen, were frequently connected to the single loop available.
Party lines provided no privacy in communication. They were frequently used as a source of entertainment and gossip , as well as a means of quickly alerting entire neighbourhoods of emergencies such as fires, [ 8 ] becoming a cultural fixture of rural areas for many decades. The rapid growth of telephone service demand, especially after WWII, resulted in many party line installations in the middle of the 20th century in the United States.
This often led to traffic congestion in the telephone network, as the line to a destination telephone was often busy. Objections about one party monopolizing a multi-party line were a staple of complaints to telephone companies and letters to advice columnists for years [ 15 ] and eavesdropping on calls remained an ongoing concern.
