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Its capital was the city of Novgorod. The republic prospered as the easternmost trading post of the Hanseatic League , and its people were much influenced by the culture of the Byzantines , [ 3 ] with the Novgorod school of icon painting producing many fine works. Novgorod won its independence in after the Novgorodians deposed their prince and the Novgorod veche began to elect and dismiss princes at its own will.
By the 14th century, the prince of Moscow who was almost always the grand prince of Vladimir was usually the prince of Novgorod as well. In a peace treaty with Moscow following the Battle of Shelon , Novgorod pledged allegiance to Moscow, with its system of government temporarily left intact.
The end of the republic and the veche came in when Ivan III once again invaded and seized the city as part of his campaign to annex all other Russian states. The area of Novgorod was populated by various East Slavic tribes that were constantly at war with one another for supremacy. However, these tribes came together during the beginning of the 9th century to try to form a negotiated settlement to end military aggression amongst each other. Even though there is no definitive account of the precise timing of their arrival at the northern rivers that flowed into the Arctic, there are chronicles which mention that one expedition reached the Pechora River in , and trading was established as early as with the Yugra tribes.
Chronicles state that the Novgorodians paid tribute to the grand prince of Kiev by Some time after this, the administration of the principality seemed to have matured. The Novgorodian tysyatsky and posadniki appointed boyars from the cities and collected revenues for administration in the territories it held.
A charter from the s mentioned 30 administrative posts in the territory of Novgorod, where revenues were collected regularly and sent as a tithe to the Novgorod bishop. Throughout the 12th century, Novgorod utilized the Baltic - Volga - Caspian trade route, not only for trading but also for bringing food from the fertile Oka region to their city.
