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Skemer Don C. Amulet Rolls and female devotion in the late Middle Ages. Despite the overwhelming triumph of the codex, the late-antique roll format trans- versa charta survived and prospered during the Middle Ages. In addition to and fiscal records, rolls were used for a wide range of sacred and secular texts: Church liturgy, calendars, and music; pilgrimage guidebooks; poetry of minstrels; genealogical chronicles and armorials; legal and medical reference works; and other practical texts that could be accomodated by the roll format and the portability that it offered.
Written amulets can be as protective devices based on the power of the written word. Their use can be traced from the age of magical papyri until the Printing Revolution. In roll amulets enjoyed considerable popularity among lay women in France, England, and the Low Countries from the thirteenth century to the early sixteenth century.
Yet amulet rolls were essentially ephemera, never designed to be preserved in and rarely surviving by design.
This article concerns a French amulet roll of the early fifteenth century surviving in a private collection. The roll has not been previously studied and is published here for the first time Appendix 1, pi. The contents of written amulets ranged from brief religious texts in Latin and vernacular languages to far more complex compilations of common prayers, litanies of divine names, narrative charms, Scriptural quotations or readings, Christian particularly the sign of the cross , devotional images, and embedded for the user to read and follow.
Like Christian liturgy drawn from extracts of Patristic works, written amulets could look like the product of centonization ; that is, a patchwork of sources that could either be quoted or paraphrased from memory or. Ancient and medieval examples were generally confined to one side of a piece of papyrus, parchment, paper, or other flexible writing supports. These were folded or rolled in order to reduce their size and to facilitate portability for convenient use on the body and concealment from ecclesiastical scrutiny.
